/* Test Pass-by-reference for fundamental-type parameter
   via reference declaration (TestPassByReference.cpp) */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int squareByValue (int number);        // Pass-by-value
void squareByReference (int & number); // Pass-by-reference

int main() {
   int n1 = 8;
   cout << "Before call, value is " << n1 << endl;  // 8
   cout << squareByValue(n1) << endl;  // no side-effect
   cout << "After call, value is " << n1 << endl;   // 8

   int n2 = 9;
   cout << "Before call, value is " << n2 << endl;  // 9
   squareByReference(n2);  // side-effect
   cout << "After call, value is " << n2 << endl;   // 81
}

// Pass parameter by value - no side effect
int squareByValue (int number) {
   return number * number;
}

// Pass parameter by reference by declaring as reference (&)
// - with side effect to the caller
void squareByReference (int & number) {
   number = number * number;
}